Role of Decision Support System for Decision-Making...

Information Systems Analysis Topic: Decision Support Systems Uma V Devi 2009  © Role of Decision Support System for DecisionMaking Process in Global Business Environment Decision Support System: A Decision Support System is an integrated set of computer tools allowing a decision maker to interact directly with computer to retrieve information useful in making semi structured and unstructured decisions. Example of this decisions include such things as merger and acquisition decisions, plant expansion, new product decisions portfolio management and marketing decisions. Decision making is a fundamental managerial activity. It may be conceptualized as consisting of four stages: intelligence, design, choice and implementation.†¦show more content†¦Decision making characteristics in the Global Business Environment: Business Strategy/Decision Making Characteristics Multinational: (decentralized federation) Decision making decentralized to subsidiaries, informal relationships between head quarters and subsidiaries International: (coordinated federation) More vital decision and knowledge in general developed at head quarters and transferred to subsid iaries Global: (centralized federation) Decisions made at the center knowledge developed and retained at the center 2 Transnational: (integrated network) Decision making and knowledge generation distributed among units Managers and Decision Support System: The daily work of a manager, as hundreds of brief activities of great variety, requiring rapid shifts of attention from one issue to another, very often initiated by emerging problems. A manager maintains a complex web of contacts outside and inside of the organization. A successful manager is not swamped by onslaught of these activities: he or she maintains a personal agenda. Effective manager carve out as it were, their own informal structure within the corporate structure and they use this network to keep themselves informed and influence others. It has been absorbed that proactive manager make special efforts to develop a long-term view and long-term agenda. The need for types of information produced by decision support system has always been present. Decision support systems have become popularShow MoreRelatedBritish Airways Information Syst em1483 Words   |  6 PagesThe purpose of this project is explore how information systems helps organisations to make decisions at different levels to achieve set objectives and strategic advantages over competitors .The team carried out research and debate on various companies, and agreed to focus on British Airways. Through literature we found out, that BA is amongst the busiest premium international airlines worldwide, BA operates mainly from Heathrow, London city and Gatwick airports and flies over 35million people toRead MoreAdvantages of Activity Based Costing1622 Words   |  7 Pagesmodern business environment, the use of traditional costing system is no longer relevance to the company to achieve competitive advantage. Nowadays, Activity Based Costing is considered as one of the effective tools to enhance the ability of the organisation to meet global competition. This had resulted in the change from traditional costing system to an increasingly popular costing system suc h Activity-Based Costing (ABC). ABC system has emerged as an alternative to traditional costing system to meetRead MoreWhy Companies Do Not Keep Up With The Evolving Markets812 Words   |  4 Pagesissue is that there is a lack of urgency in both agreement and for systems that support collaboration. In order for organizations to remain competitive, they must have a IT structure that energizes the internal organization, engages customers, and strive for innovation and experimentation. The gap is when companies fail to change their habitual structure toward an IT environment that can handle rapid reconfiguration of business-process and work-flow technologies. Also, the gap of strategic needs andRead MoreImportance Of Business Ethics On Previous And Current Literature Essay1459 Words   |  6 PagesImportance of business ethics in previous and current literature Previous Methodologies used for Studying Business Ethics Majority of the literature reviewed relied heavily on questionnaires and surveys as the chosen methodology. According to Rowley (2014), questionnaires are the â€Å"most widely used means of collecting data† (p. 308). 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I haveRead MoreThe Role of Ethics and Law in Creating and Maintaining Efficient Markets 1856 Words   |  7 Pagesenvironmental and social issues, there is a proficient need to educate future business leaders on actually how to run a business in a manner that contributes towards modern day concepts of sustainability and protection of natural resources around the world. The global business leaders of tomorrow will need to be flexible and able to incorporate all aspects of good decision-making in an increasingly complex global business environment. (Berenbeim 2005) Ethical leadership has become vital to the future ofRead MoreAn Innovative Success Of The Integrad Training Essay1300 Words   |  6 Pagesrefining of one’s mind from social environments in which one grew up. In order to adapt to local cultures and market needs, companies must shift to decentralized, collaborative decision-making. That requires developing many leaders capable of working anywhere. 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Global Crossing Management - 1100 Words

Global Crossing Management 1 Global Crossing Management Mary Adams MGT/330 April 6, 2010 Global Crossing Management 2 Global Crossing Management Global Crossing was founded in 1997 by Gary Winnick. They reported $3.8 billion in revenue and $1.9 billion in losses in 2000. Global Crossing is a leading global IP solutions provider. Global Crossing has developed the world’s first integrated global IP-based network, according to the About Global Crossing article (2010). The management of Global Crossing began the company by using all four functions of management. The planning function of management†¦show more content†¦Greed seemed to be the downfall of Global Crossing. Global Crossing faced ethics issues when it was discovered that Gary Winnick and former CEO, Leo Hindery, Jr. were involved with insider trading. Another ethics issue with Global Crossing was capacity swapping. The new management team at Global Crossing see ethics as an important part of the company and the planning process. Ethics influence management planning at Global Crossing because it plays an important part in the planning process. When planning, Global Crossing’s management planned a code of ethics and business Global Crossing Management 5 conduct plan. According to Code of Ethics and Business Conduct (n.d.), management at Global Crossing make sure that all employees review and agree with the Code of Ethics. If employees do not comply with the Code of Ethics, they will be subject to discipline and could even be terminated. At the same time that Global Crossing was facing ethic issues within the company, they were also facing legal issues. Insider trading and capacity swapping were both illegal. Gary Winnick, Leo Hindery, Jr., and many others faced legal charges for their illegal activities. 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Enron Corporation, WorldCom, Incorporated, and Global Crossing Limited all claimed bankruptcy due to their fraudulent activities. L egislative and regulatoryRead MoreThe Sarbanes Oxley Act Summary And Introduction1714 Words   |  7 Pagesfinancial practice in order to protect the interest of investors and the public (â€Å"Sarbanes-Oxley Act Summary and Introduction,† 2003). The Act is extensive in corporate governance, which is a comprehensive theory concerned with the alignment of management and shareholders interest. The sections of the bill cover responsibilities of a public corporation’s board of directors, adds criminal penalties for certain misconduct, and requires the SEC to create regulations to define how public corporationsRead MoreRevenue Recognition Issues in Telecom Industry1671 Words   |  7 Pagestelecommunications industry had its own bizarre take on revenue recognition during the boom. 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Case Summary Shaoxiong Zhang 260558334 Professor Philippe Levy February 9, 2016 Introduction Global Investors Inc., founded in 1965, was a private owned investment management company headquartered in New York. The firm mainly focuses on two activities: investment management (which included research, portfolio management, and trading) and client services (which included marketing and investor advisory services provided to institutionalRead MoreLost insurance benefits as well as retirement benefits tied to WorldCom stock. Shareholders, which1200 Words   |  5 Pagestens of thousands of employees, who otherwise may have never been fired, in an attempt to match WorldCom’s low costs. Although it was not WorldCom’s fault, Qwest committed accounting fraud and Global Crossing declared bankruptcy while also being under investigation themselves. 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Only God has the right to interfere with our genes Free Essays

Our genes are the sequence of DNA or genetic codes that determine our characteristics. So by changing our genetics we must be effectively changing our characteristics and ultimately ourselves. Is this simply medical care that is no different from taking everyday medicine like antibiotics? Or are we inauspiciously playing God and immorally defying nature in order to safeguard our species? In my opinion scientific progress is enabling lives to be saved and a loving God would not condemn this. We will write a custom essay sample on Only God has the right to interfere with our genes or any similar topic only for you Order Now A religious person may look at different aspects of genetic engineering and thus hold a different view. Genetic engineering in humans is the development or manipulation of genes used to prevent disease and disabilities. Genetic diseases are serious and affect a vast number of people. Diseases or ‘genetic disorders’ like Huntington’s, Sickle -cell anaemia, muscular dystrophy and cystic fibrosis can cause mental retardation, physical deformity or early death. Research into genes and genetic engineering can help prevent these problems and is surely ethical and not immoral. Most genetic research is based on germline therapy that enables genetic changes to the cells carrying the disorder from generation to generation. This means that permanent changes can be made in the person’s genetic code that prevents the transmission of these cells. So the person’s genes have been changed, they are not the exact same person they were in terms of the constitution of their cells and their potential child’s character has been altered. Does this mean God’s work in creating the person and their eventual children will have been undone? Surely if the genetic disorder has been reduced or removed then God’s work needed was rightly improved. More recent progress means that we can grow healthy cells to replace the malfunctioning ones and so cure disease in that person. This process involves creating stem cells. Either from embryos that were produced by IVF but not used, or from adult bone marrow or blood. The stem cells are kept alive so they can multiply and be transplanted into diseased cells to produce a cure. Stem cell research was banned In the UK because the Human Fertilisation and Embryology act said that the technology could only be used to treat infertility. I consider this an absurdity that this morally debateable technology was permitted to treat infertility but not to cure disease! Surely saving life is as important as creating it. This I think was realised by the government and in 2001 the research was permitted. So should this research be allowed or should stand idly by while people who could potentially be cured are suffering from the diseases and problems above and not uncommonly dying painful deaths. It is clear that I agree with the government’s decision, along with a number of non-religious and religious people for a number of reasons. It offers the prospect of cures for currently incurable diseases and gives those suffering a glimmer of hope. Non-religious people argue stem cell cloning would only use embryos until it was easier to use the adult cells. Genetic research is an integral part of medicine research and is bound to include some genetic engineering. All genetic research is closely monitored by the law and so will not directly oppose religious morals but also has vast potential benefits. There are many non-religious people who would counter argue that genetic engineering has too little information about the long term consequences. They say that it should not take place because the effects are irreversible. This means that should anything go wrong the damage would be permanent. Knowledge is power and people argue genetic engineering gives vast amounts of power to the scientists who could, they say, could act in a malevolent way to create scientifically produced human beings. This power is almost godly and is too excessive for the scientists to have. These scientific processes treat humans no different from commodities like plants. The research and advances could grow to the extent that they introduce the possibility of people having to be genetically screened before getting life insurance or even jobs. Then a Gattaca like situation becomes imminent where anyone likely to develop illness or dir young would be refused the insurance, the job and would be denied a range of opportunities. Although these arguments are perhaps extravagant they are possibilities and the potential of scientific progress could have inhumane consequences. Religions recognise that in the modern world they must deal with issues like genetic engineering and amongst them there are different views of weather we, as humans, have the right to interfere with our own genes. Christianity is not harmogenous and so within it there are different attitudes towards genetic engineering. It is mainly the more liberal protestant Christians who think that genetic engineering is a good thing and see the positive aspects like the potential curing of disease and the negative, which would be the potential creation of artificially produced ‘perfect humans’. There are religious reasons why these Christians support this scientific research and action. Jesus was a healer who showed that Christians should do what they can to heal and help healers and to cure disease. They believe that as humans we stewards on God’s earth and by discovering the genetic make up of humans in order to help improve human life is fulfilling this stewardship. They believe that this is no different from researching medicine that can improve human life and reduce suffering. Regarding the potential of this technology getting out have hand, these Christians believe that creating cells is very different from creating people. Creating people via science rather than through sex would be wrong because as it would be taking over ‘God’s creator of life role’, but creating cells is working with God. As far as â€Å"killing† embryos for the genetic research is concerned; an embryo is not considered human life until it is 14 days old (This is then the time limit set by the Human Fertilisation and embryology authority for genetic research. ). They also use some of the non-religious arguments to support genetic engineering. It is mainly the Roman Catholics who believe that that genetic engineering is okay under certain circumstances. As long as the technology is for work into curing diseases and does not use human embryos it is permissible. The reason they condemn the use of embryos is because they believe that life begins at conception, whether in a womb or a glass dish. Killing an embryo is killing a human life and is immoral and banned in the Decalogue. Some Christian are opposed to any kind of genetic research because they believe God has created the genetic make up of each human at the moment of conception and people have no right to interfere with God’s will. Genetic engineering means ‘playing’ God and by doing this we are defying him which is a terrible sin. They believe we are doing wrong by trying to create a perfect world, as only heaven is perfect. Many Christians believe that all humans should be living their â€Å"normal† lives† in accordance with ‘natural’ law (Aquinas) and that only God has the right to interfere with the natural genetic make up of all humans. They also feel that when creating artificially â€Å"perfect humans† we are not thinking about the people that are being produced. A scientifically created person will have no biological parents and many feel that what we are giving the child genetically, we are taking spiritually. These little ‘genetic miracles’ will be lacking in spirit. This idea is well portrayed in the film Gattaca. The Christians against genetic engineering would also use the non-religious arguments against it. Islam is another religion trying to decipher between where the lines are in ethics of medical issues such as genetic engineering. Islam is usually in agreement over issues like this however there are two different Muslim attitudes to Genetic engineering. Some Muslims believe that the genetic make up of all human’s has been established by God and so therefore human’s artificially altering genes would be and attempt to ‘play God’ which is absolutely an unacceptable sin, shirk the greatest Muslim sin. They also believe that using human embryos in research is abortion as they believe life begins at fertilisation and therefore do not agree with this kind of genetic research. They believe scientists who are trying to create life from stem cells are trying to play God a so this is also shirk. These Muslims also accept the non-religious arguments against genetic engineering. Other Muslims hold a similar view to Catholics, that genetic engineering is only good to an extent. As long as it is being to done in an effort to cure disease and not producing humans by scientific means. These Muslims support genetic engineering firstly because the Qu’ran and the Hadith teach that Muslims should do everything in their power to prevent diseases and improve human’s lives. In the way that some Christians believe in stewardship, these Muslims believe that humans should work as vice-gerents in hiding and supporting lives. This no different from researching medicine that will help improve lives and reduce suffering. These Muslims also believe there is a difference between creating cells and creating people and that creating cells is working with God. They also consider that embryos can be used for research up until they are 14 days old, this is when the human life begins according to teachings of the Shari’ah. It is very difficult to foresee if the potential good of genetic engineering and ‘interfering with genes’ outweighs the potential bad and whether it is ethical in it’s current state of research. I think that at the moment we have a very good idea of what the positive effects of ‘interfering with our genes’ would be. It could cure diseases and prevent them from being passed on to generation after generation. The negative effects are slightly unclear. Will we end up producing genetically modified â€Å"perfect humans† who are lacking in will and spirit through no fault of their own? Is producing humans without sex wrong even? Is it against the will of God? Personally I think that the these questions go unanswered by the critics of genetic engineering who do not have plausible enough arguments to stop the research into curing disease and saving human life. How to cite Only God has the right to interfere with our genes, Papers